※　工場の門の内側にあった、道徳・ジェンダー・階級のせめぎ合い　※

本書は、麻薬取引の中心地となる以前、保護関税政策のもとで「資本主義的楽園」とまで呼ばれた工業化成功の街として知られていたコロンビア・メデジンを舞台に、カトリック的敬虔さと厳格な性規範に支えられた社会秩序の境界線を検討する研究書です。著者Ann Farnsworth

Alvearは、世紀転換期から1950年代末の工場大規模再編に至る時期を対象に、労働者たちの従順と抵抗の戦略、そして経営者側の規律的実践の変遷をたどります。人事記録、工場内部の通信文、印刷された規則、社内広報誌などのアーカイブ資料の分析に、退職労働者への聞き取り調査を組み合わせ、工場の門の内側にあった世界を詳細に再構成します。処女か非処女かという区分が女性労働市場を組織していたこの場において、貞淑・不貞という区分が働く女性の自己認識を形づくる道徳規範の基盤となっていたことを示し、ジェンダーを男女の対立としてではなく、「適切」「不適切」な男女のあり方を規定する規範的な場として捉え直すよう促します。女性中心から男性中心へと工場労働力が数十年かけて移行した過程も、経済的要因のみに還元されない、ジェンダーと階級の社会的実践の交錯として描き出しています。(SBC: 146466)

[対象地域、年代、研究分野]
コロンビア（メデジン）を対象地域とし、1905年から1960年に至る時期を扱う研究であり、ラテンアメリカ史、労働史、ジェンダー研究、社会学の分野に位置づけられます。ラテンアメリカ史・労働史の研究者をはじめ、ジェンダー研究、社会運動論、産業化史に関心を持つ人文学研究者を対象としています。
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Description:
Before it became the center of Latin American drug trafficking, the Colombian city of Medellin was famous as a success story of industrialization, a place where protectionist tariffs had created a ‘capitalist paradise.’ By the 1960s, the city’s textile industrialists were presenting themselves as the architects of a social stability that rested on Catholic piety and strict sexual norms. Dulcinea in the Factory explores the boundaries of this paternalistic order by investigating workers’ strategies of conformity and resistance and by tracing the disciplinary practices of managers during the period from the turn of the century to a massive reorganization of the mills in the late 1950s.

Ann Farnsworth-Alvear’s analyses of archived personnel records, internal factory correspondence, printed regulations, and company magazines are combined with illuminating interviews with retired workers to allow a detailed reconstruction of the world behind the mill gate. In a place where the distinction between virgins and nonvirgins organized the labor market for women, the distance between chaste and unchaste behavior underlay a moral code that shaped working women’s self-perceptions. FarnsworthAlvear challenges the reader to understand gender not as an opposition between female and male but rather as a normative field, marked by ‘proper’ and ‘improper’ ways of being female or male. Disputing the idea that the shift in the mills’ workforce over several decades from mainly women to almost exclusively men was based solely on economic factors, the author shows how gender and class, as social practices, converged to shape industrial development itself.

Innovative in its creative employment of subtle and complex material, Dulcinea in the Factory addresses long-standing debates within labor history about proletarianization and work culture. This book’s focus on Colombia will make it valuable to Latin Americanists, but it will also appeal to a wide readership beyond Latin American and labor studies, including historians and sociologists, as well as students of women’s studies, social movements, and anthropology.


CONTENTS:

List of Illustrations......viii
Preface......xi
Acknowledgements......xiv
Introduction......1

Part I. The Place of Female Factory Labor in Medellin

1. Medellin, 1900-1960......39

2. The Making of La Mujer Obrera, 1910-1920......73

3. New Workers, New Workplaces, 1905-1935......102

Part II. The Making and Unmaking of La Moral

4. Strikes, 1935-1936......123

5. Gender by the Rules: Anticommunism and La Moral, 1936-1953......148

6. La Moral in Practice, 1936-1953......181

7. Masculinization and El Control, 1053-1960......209

Conclusion......229

Appendix: Persons Interviewed......239
Notes......241
Bibliography......283
Index......297